Development of Baseball Hitter Simulation Using Scratch Program to Enhance Generic Science Skills on Impulse and Momentum Concept

Abstract

This study explores the development of a baseball hitter simulation using Scratch programming to enhance students' understanding of impulse and momentum concepts. The challenge of teaching these concepts directly in the classroom led to the creation of a computer-based simulation program. The research employed the ADDIE method (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) and used feasibility validation questionnaires and generic science skills tests as research instruments. The developed simulation program was validated by content experts (98.4% feasibility) and media/technology experts (90.8% feasibility). A one-group pre-test and post-test design was used to measure the effectiveness of the simulation, demonstrating significant improvements in university students' generic science skills. The ICT-based teaching materials, incorporating Scratch programming with a contextual learning approach, proved highly valid and effective. The results indicate that the baseball hitter simulation significantly enhances students' comprehension and application of impulse and momentum concepts. The study suggests that interactive, sports-themed simulations like this one can make learning physics concepts engaging and contextually relevant, recommending further development of similar educational tools.